Chemistry – Secondary Grade 2

Course highlights

• Define the mole and Avogadro's number, calculate molar masses, and convert between mass, moles, number of particles and gas volume at STP, applying Avogadro's hypothesis to gas reactions
• Use balanced equations for mass and volume calculations, identify the limiting reactant, distinguish and calculate empirical and molecular formulas, and calculate the molar concentration of solutions
• Describe the atomic models of Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr, explain the evidence for each and identify the shortcomings of Bohr's model
• Explain the modifications of the modern atomic theory (electron cloud, orbital), use the four quantum numbers, relate main level to sublevels and orbitals, and write electron configurations by the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule and Pauli's exclusion principle
• Describe the modern periodic table and its blocks, locate an element (period, group, block) from its configuration, and explain the trends of atomic radius, ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity
• Locate metals, non-metals and metalloids, relate atomic number to the acidic/basic character of oxides and hydroxides, calculate oxidation numbers, and identify and write oxidation–reduction reactions as half-reactions
• Explain ionic, covalent (single, multiple, coordinate) bonding and the properties of ionic and covalent compounds, and draw Lewis structures using the octet rule
• Explain sp³, sp² and sp hybridisation with σ and π bonds, predict molecular shapes and bond angles with VSEPR, and describe hydrogen and metallic bonding and their effects on properties
• Describe the general properties and reactivity trends of the s-block alkali metals, their reactions with water, oxygen, halogens and acids, and uses of their compounds
• Describe group 5A elements, nitrogen and its compounds (ammonia, nitric acid), oxidation states of nitrogen, and the use of group 5A elements for sustainable development
• Describe the nucleus, isotopes, mass defect and nuclear binding energy, natural radioactivity (α, β, γ) with balanced decay equations, and half-life calculations
• Distinguish artificial transmutation, fission and fusion, explain chain reactions and nuclear energy, and evaluate uses and hazards of radiation

Course content

• 8units
• 28sessions
• 7quizzes

The lecturer