الكيمياء (اختياري مسار الهندسة) — الصف الثاني الثانوي

Each lesson opens with the book's guiding question and a real phenomenon, then builds the concept, a worked example and an engineering or everyday application.

Estimated duration: full year ≈ 30 weeks (52 academy lessons, one per book lesson)

What you will learn

• Explain changes of state with particle energy and latent heat, liquid–vapour equilibrium and vapour pressure, and read phase diagrams
• Apply the gas laws, PV = nRT (R = 8.31 × 10³ Pa·L/mol·K) and PV = (ω/M)RT, Dalton's partial pressures, and explain real-gas deviations
• Describe solutions and concentration, colligative properties (boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression, osmotic pressure), colloids, and metallic and ionic crystal structures
• Calculate enthalpy changes from calorimetry and formation data and apply Hess's law
• Explain galvanic cells (Daniell and others), electrode reactions, cell emf, and electrolysis with Faraday's laws
• Calculate reaction rates, explain the factors affecting them, write and use Kc, and apply Le Chatelier's principle
• Apply ionic equilibrium (strong / weak electrolytes, pH, Ka), salt hydrolysis and the solubility product (precipitation)
• Relate the properties and reactions of hydrogen, the noble gases, halogens, oxygen and sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, carbon and silicon to electron structure and uses
• Describe alkali and alkaline-earth metals, other main-group metals, transition metals (Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, Cr, Mn) and separate metal ions by precipitation
• Determine empirical and structural formulae and describe the structure, naming and reactions of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, carbonyls, acids, esters, fats and soaps, aromatic compounds, phenols and amines

Who it is for: Engineering-track Baccalaureate S2 students who chose Chemistry as their elective

Prerequisites: S1 integrated science and mathematics